Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Amakosa ya moteri zitagira ingano eshatu muri rusange ashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: amakosa y'amashanyarazi n'amakosa ya mekanike.
Ikosa rya tekiniki rigizwe na: ingano idakwiye cyangwa yangiritse, amaboko y'inyuma, imipfundikizo y'amavuta, imipfundikizo y'inyuma, abafana, intebe n'ibindi bice, hamwe no kwangirika kw'ibice by'umugozi. Ikosa ry'amashanyarazi rigizwe ahanini na: kuvunika kwa stator na rotor, hagati y'izunguruka (ibyiciro), kugera hasi, n'ibindi.

Stator na rotor bikozwe mu byuma bya silikoni bikingirana kandi ni bimwe mu bigize urujya n'uruza rwa moteri. Kwangirika no guhinduka kw'imirongo ya stator na rotor biterwa ahanini n'ibi bikurikira.
(1) Kwangirika cyane kw'ibice by'icyuma cyangwa guteranya nabi, bigatuma stator na rotor bisukwa, bigatera kwangirika k'ubuso bw'imbere, ibyo bigatuma habaho umuvuduko muke hagati y'ibice by'icyuma bya silikoni, byongera igihombo cy'icyuma cya moteri, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwa moteri buzamuka cyane, iyo hakoreshejwe dosiye nto n'ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo hakureho burr, hagakurwaho umugozi muke w'icyuma cya silikoni, hasukurwa hanyuma hagasigwa irangi rikingira ubushyuhe, hagashyuha kandi hakanumishwa.
(2) Ubuso bw'imbere mu cyuma bwangiritse bitewe n'ubushuhe n'izindi mpamvu, bugomba gusigwa n'umucanga, bugasukurwa kandi bugasigwa irangi ririnda ubushyuhe.
(3) Imbere cyangwa amenyo birashya bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi buterwa no gusimbuza umugozi. Igikoresho nka sheseli cyangwa imashini ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho ibikoresho byashongeshejwe no kubyumisha irangi ririnda ubushyuhe.
(4) Ihuriro riri hagati y’inyuma n’ishingiro ry’imashini riba rifunguye, kandi vis zo gushyiramo imiterere y’umwimerere zishobora gukazwa. Niba vis zo gushyiramo imiterere zananiwe, ongera ucukure imyobo yo gushyiramo imiterere hanyuma ukome ku rufatiro rw’imashini, komeza vis zo gushyiramo imiterere.

Iyo icyuma gizunguruka kibuze amavuta, humvikana urusaku rw'amagufwa. Iyo urusaku rudakomeza gukurikira, rushobora kuba ari ukuvunika kw'impeta y'icyuma gizunguruka. Niba icyuma gizunguruka kivanze n'umucanga n'indi myanda cyangwa ibice byacyo bifite ubusa, bizatera urusaku ruto. Reba nyuma yo gusenya: banza urebe igice gizunguruka cy'icyuma, imbere n'inyuma y'impeta y'icyuma kugira ngo urebe ko nta byangiritse, ingese, inkovu, nibindi. Hanyuma kanda impeta y'imbere y'icyuma n'ukuboko kwawe hanyuma ukore urwego rw'icyuma, sunika impeta y'icyuma y'inyuma n'ukundi kuboko kwawe, niba icyuma gizunguruka neza, impeta y'icyuma y'inyuma igomba kuzenguruka neza, nta guhindagura no kuzenguruka kugaragara, nta gusubira inyuma kw'impeta y'icyuma y'inyuma nyuma yo guhagarara, bitabaye ibyo icyuma gizunguruka ntigishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ukuboko kw'ibumoso gufatiwe mu mpeta y'inyuma, ukuboko kw'iburyo gukanda impeta y'icyuma y'imbere, imbaraga zo gusunika mu mpande zose, niba wumva urekuye cyane iyo usunika, ni ubusaza bukomeye.

Gusana amakosa ku buso bw'icyuma gifata ingese birahari, hanyuma uhanagure lisansi; imiyoboro y'icyuma, imbere n'inyuma y'uruziga rwavunitse cyangwa rwangiritse cyane, igomba gusimbuzwa imiyoboro mishya. Mu gihe usimbuza icyuma gifata ingese nshya, koresha ubwoko bumwe n'ubwa mbere. Gusukura no kongeramo lisansi.

Uburyo bwo gusukura ibyuma: banza ukure amavuta y'imyanda ku buso bw'icyuma; hanagura amavuta y'imyanda asigaye ukoresheje igitambaro cya ipamba; hanyuma winjize icyuma muri lisansi hanyuma uhanagure icyuma ukoresheje uburoso; hanyuma woze icyuma muri lisansi isukuye; amaherezo shyira icyuma ku mpapuro kugira ngo lisansi ihinduke kandi yumuke.

Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta ku gikoresho: Mu guhitamo amavuta azunguruka, ikintu cy'ingenzi kigomba kwitabwaho ni imiterere y'imikorere y'igikoresho, nko gukoresha ibidukikije (bitose cyangwa byumye), ubushyuhe bw'akazi n'umuvuduko wa moteri. Ubushobozi bw'amavuta ntibugomba kurenza 2/3 by'ingano y'icyumba cyo gusigamo amavuta.
Mu kongeramo amavuta yo kwisiga ku gice cyo hejuru cy’urukiramende, amavuta agomba gushyirwamo uruhande rumwe rw’igice cyo hejuru hanyuma amavuta arenzeho agakurwaho witonze n’urutoki, igihe cyose amavuta ashobora kongerwamo kugeza igihe afungiye neza umupira w’icyuma. Mu kongeramo amavuta yo kwisiga ku gice cyo hejuru cy’urukiramende, ntugashyiremo menshi cyane, hafi 60-70% birahagije.

(1) gupfunyika kw'umugozi niba umugozi utari munini, ushobora gusanwa hakoreshejwe umurambararo w'umugozi wo gusya, uburyo bwo gupfunyika kw'impeta; niba umugozi urenze 0.2mm, umugozi ushobora gushyirwa munsi y'imashini, mu buryo bwo gukosora umuvuduko w'umugozi wo gupfunyika, ubuso bw'umugozi bukosowe hakoreshejwe icyuma gikata; nko gupfunyika ari munini cyane bigomba gusimbuzwa umugozi mushya.
(2) Gupfuka ijosi ry'umugozi Gupfuka ijosi ry'umugozi si byinshi, bishobora kuba mu ijosi ry'urwego rwa chromium, hanyuma bigasya ku bunini busabwa; gupfuka byinshi, bishobora kuba mu ijosi ry'umugozi wo gusudira hejuru, hanyuma bigashyirwa ku gukata no gusya; niba gupfuka ijosi ari rinini cyane, nabyo biri mu ijosi rya mm 2-3, hanyuma uhindukize agakoresho mu gihe gishyushye ushyire mu ijosi, hanyuma uhindukire ku bunini busabwa.
Uduce tw’umugozi cyangwa imvune y’umugozi unyura hejuru y’ubujyakuzimu bw’umugozi ntiburenze 10%-15% by’umurambararo w’umugozi, uduce tw’umugozi turenga 10% by’uburebure bw’umugozi, dushobora gukosorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusudira hejuru, hanyuma tugahindura ingano ikenewe. Niba imvune iri mu mugozi ikomeye kurushaho, hakenewe imvune nshya.

Iyo hari imyenge mu gisenge n'igipfundikizo cy'inyuma, bigomba gusanwa hakoreshejwe gusudira hejuru. Iyo aho icyuho cy'agace k'inyuma ari kinini cyane, bigatuma agace k'inyuma k'inyuma k'inyuma k'inyuma kaba gafungutse cyane, urukuta rw'agace k'inyuma rushobora gupfundikirwa neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukubita, hanyuma agace k'inyuma kagashyirwa mu gipfundikizo cy'inyuma, kandi kuri moteri zifite imbaraga nyinshi, ingano ikenewe y'agace k'inyuma ishobora no gucukurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusimbuza cyangwa gusimbuza.

Ishingiro ry'aho moteri ishyirwa ntabwo riringaniye. Hindura ishingiro ry'aho moteri ishyirwa hanyuma uyishyireho neza nyuma yo kuringaniza umusingi.
Ibikoresho ntibifatanye neza n'aho moteri ihurira. Kosora aho bifatanye neza.
Rotor ya moteri ntabwo iringaniye. Ingano idahindagurika cyangwa ihindagurika ya rotor.
Puli cyangwa umukandara w'umukandara ntibiringaniye. Kugereranya imikandara cyangwa umukandara w'umukandara.
Umutwe w'umugozi wa rotor ugonze cyangwa urimo umugozi ugororotse. Ronga umugozi wa rotor, shyira umugozi ugororotse hanyuma ushyireho umugozi wo kongera kuwuzunguruka.

Guhuza nabi stator winding, umuyoboro mugufi cyangwa ubutaka, bigatuma habaho imiterere idahwitse y'amashanyarazi mu byiciro bitatu kandi bigatera urusaku.
Ibintu by’inyuma cyangwa kubura amavuta yo kwisiga imbere muri bearing. Sukura bearing hanyuma usimbuze amavuta mashya kuri 1/2-1/3 cy'icyumba cy'ubwikorezi.
Gutandukanya stator n'aho ikorera cyangwa rotor core n'umugozi wa rotor. Reba uko ikwirakwira, kongera gusudira, no gutunganya ibintu bihagaze.
Gusya icyuma gishyushya na rotator. Shaka aho icyuma gishyushya, aho gitunganyirizwa.
Urusaku rw'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'imikorere ya moteri. Biragoye gukuraho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusana.

① ubushyuhe buke, ibintu bikomeye byinshi kandi byoroshye kubivanga mu mazi.
② Ikira vuba, ifatanya neza kandi irakomera.
③Imiterere y'amashanyarazi menshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya ubushuhe n'ubudahangarwa bw'imiti.

a) Icyuho cy'umugozi n'amatafari ni gito cyane.
b) Umwobo muto w'uruhago rw'amavuta kandi amavuta ntahagije aboneka.
c) ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amavuta yo kwisiga.
d) Imvune yo gushakisha amatafari yo mu mugozi.
e) kugaruka nabi kw'amavuta no kugaburira amavuta bidahagije.